Transformer.



J. L. JOHNSON.

TRANSFORMER.

APPLIoATIoN FILED SEPT. 24, 1910,

Patented J'une 18, 1912.

UNITED sTATEs rTENT OFFICE.

JOHN L. JOHNON, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO ALLIS-CHAJ'iNIERSv COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.'

TRANSFORMER.

Speoioation of Letters Patent.

Patented June 18, 1912.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN L. JOHNSON, a citizen of the Unitedv States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, haveI invented certain new and useful Improvements in Transformers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to electrical apparatus, and especially transformers.

In the operation of all electric translating devices the parts become heated due to ener losses in the electric and magnetic circuits, and it is customary to surround such apparatus, especially transformers, with a medium, such as oil, for the purpose of absorbing heat'and also for insulating the diferent parts. The sizes and proportions of electric transformers depend very largely upon the rate at which the heat generated by the transformer and absorbed by the oil can be dissipated, because it is essential that the temperature of the insulating material employed in their construction be Vkept be low a certain degree. It is also necessary that the oil be free from moisture otherwise the effectiveness of the oil as an insulatorv will be greatly reduced.

The object of my invention is to provide an oil cooled transformer having improved VVentilating' facilities, and also means for'increasing the effectiveness of the oil as an insulator.

In carrying out my invention I provide an oil filled inclosing casing which may be used with any, suitable electrical apparatus, but is especially adapted for use with transformers. This casing is constructed in such a way that a circulation of the oil is obtained, during which circulation the oil is cooled and dehydrated without involving the dificulties encountered with the usual form of oil cooled transformers.

My invention still further consists in the details of construction and combinations of elements described in the specification and set forth in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view of a transformer equipped with my invention; Fig. 2 is a top view of the same transformer with the cover removed; and Fig. 3 shows a modification.

Mounted upon a base 10 is a transformer inclosed in a casing having a main shell 11, abottom 12, and a cover 13. Located within coils are separated from each other, forming l spaces through which af fluid may pass to maintain the coils in a cool and efficient operating condition. Leads 19 and 20 of the coils are supported on terminal beams 21 which are provided .with means for making electrical connections forl said leads. The leads 22 are surrounded by an insulating material 23 and pass through the cover 13 of the transformer casing and also the bushings 24 secured to said cover. The frame 15 is reinforced by means of bolts 25 which retain the laminas of the core in a fixed position, and two or more of the bolts 25 are provided with eyes through which hooks may pass to remove the transformer proper from the casing without disturbing any of the other parts. Located in the lower portion of the tank and between the main shell 11 of the transformer casing and the tank.14 is a coil of pipe 26 connected to a blower 27 by means of a check valve 26a. The pipe 26 extends circumferentially around the tank and is provided with a large number of openings 28.

In the operation ofmy invention the tank is filled with oil to a level indicated in the drawing. The blower 27 supplies air under pressure to the coil 26, and which, escaping vthrough the openings 28 rises upwardly through the oil between the bafiie 14 and the main shell 11 and escapes through the opening 29 inthe cover 13. Bafiles 29a and 30a are secured below and above the openings 29 and 30 respectively and preventair from entering the main portion of the transformer. During this upward movement of the air, heat from the oil between the baie 14 and case 11 is absorbed, and the oil becoming cooled sinks to the lower portion of the tank 'through the opening 30, heated oil from the top of the transformer passing outwardly vthrough the openings 29. A circulation of the oil is obtained in this manner CII and is indicated in the drawing by means of arrows. y

Connected to the inlet of the blower 2T is a tank or case 31 containing calcium chlorid, or other desiccating material. In the opera lion of the transformer the air is drawn ihrough this tank and becomes dehydrated, and as it rises through the oil in the transformer it absorbs any moisture which the oil may contain.

ln the modification shown in Fig. 3, the transformer 33 is iiiclosed by a main shell 11 having a bottom 12 and a cover 13. Located within the shell 11 is a casing 32. The transformer 33 is locatedwithin this casing and is surrounded by cooling and insulating oil in the customary manner. The lieutgenerated in the transformer will be absorbed by the oil and conveyed to the cylindrical casing 32, which is surrounded by a fluid iii the chamber 32a. Located in the lower portion of the chamber 32 is a coil of pipe Q6 having a large number of openings which is supplied with air under pressure'. The air escapingthroughthe openings in the pipe 26 rises through the liquid in the chamber 32 and absorbs the heat conducted from the transformer. `By means of this arrangement the oil in the main casing is kept cool, maintaining the transformer in a cool and economical operating condition.

1t is obvious that there may be many modifications of the precise arrangement shown and described, and 1 aim in my claims to cover all such modifications which do not involve a depart-ure from the spirit and scope of my invention.

lVhat Iv claim as new is:

1. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing insulating fluid surrounding said transformer, and means for causing a cooling fluid to come into direct Contact with said insulating fluid while in said tank.

Q. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing fluid surrounding said transformer. and means for causing a second fluid to come into direct contact with said first named fluid while in said tank, the specific gravity of said fluids being different.

3. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing insulating fluid surrounding said transformer, and means for causing a dehydrated fluid to come into direct contact with said insulating fluid while in said tank.

4. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing insulating fluid surrounding said transformer, a pump for supplying a dehydrated fluid, and means within said tank and connected to said pump for permitting said dehydrated fluid to pass through and cool said insulating fluid.

The combination of a transformer, a tank containing insulating fluid in which said transformer is immersed, and means .for causing a cooling fluid to pass through and in direct contact with said insulating fluid while in said tank.

6. The combination of a transformer, a tank containin a fluid of high specific heat value surrounding said transformer, and means for causing air to ass through and in direct contact with said uid while in said tank.

7. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing insulating fluid surrounding said transformer, a pum for supplying a coolin fluid, and means ocated Within said tank for permitting said cooling fluid to pass through and in direct contact with said insulating fluid.

8. The combination of a transformer, two fluid containing tanks of different diameters, surrounding said transformer, a pump for supplying a cooling fluid, and means be-. tween said tanks and being sup lied with said cooling fluid b said pump or permit.- ting said cooling uid to come into direct contact with the fluid between said tanks.

9. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing insulating fluid surrounding said transformer, an air ump, means for deh drating the air whic passes through sai pump, and means within said tank for allowing the air from said pum to ass through and in direct cont-act wit sai insulating fluid while in said tank.

10. The combination of a transformer comprising a. core having coilsithereon, the coils being spaced from one' another and from said core, the space formin passageways for the circulation of a. coo ing fluid, a casing containin fluid surrounding said transformer, a ba e between said transformer and said casing and having openings at its top and lower ortions, a coil of pipe having a numberl of) openings located between said baflle and said casing, and means for forcing air through said openings.

11. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing insulating fluid surrounding said transformer, a tank orreceptacle containing a desiccating agent, a pump for causing air to pass through said desiccating agent, and means within said tank for allowing the air which passes through said desiccating agent to ass through and in direct contact with said insulating fluid while in said tank.

12. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing an insulating fluid and surrounding said transformer, a partition having openings at its upper and lower portions and being located in said tank to establish a circulating path for said insulatin fluid, and means for causing a coolin uid to come into direct contact with said insulating fluid in said circulating path.

13. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing an insulating fluid and surrounding said transformer, a member having openings and being located in said tank to establish a circulatin path for said insulating fluid, and means or causing a cooling fluid to come into direct contact with said insulating fluid in said circulating path.

14. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing an insulating fluid and surrounding said transformer, a member having openings and located in said tank to establish a circulating path for said insulating fluid from the central part of said tank, through said member, downwardly between' said tank and member, and through another 5' opening into the central portion of said tank, and means for causing a cooling fluid to pass upwardly throughsaid insulating fluid between said tank and said member.

15. The combination of a transformer, a tank containing an insulating fluid and surrounding said transformer, a partition having openings at its upper and lower portions and being located in said tank to establish a circulating path for said insulating fluid between said tank and partition, and means including a perforated member located within said circulating path to permita cooling fluid to come into direct contact with said insulating luid. Y

Milwaukee, Wis., Sept. 20, 1910. In testimony whereof I aliX my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

JOHN L. JOHNSON. Witnesses:

CHAS. L. BYRON, LAURA HUENNEKENS. 

